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Zoisov park – botanični vrt z naravnimi vrednotami

Botanični vrt ob Domu Pristava se imenuje po Karlu Zoisu, najditelju Zoisove zvončice, ki je slovenski endemit. Po njem je ime dobila tudi Zoisova vijolica, ki jo je okrog leta 1785 našel v Karavankah.

V parku so označene različne drevesne vrste, kot so smreka, divja češnja, gorski javor, jerebika, črni topol, jelka in mnoge druge. Obiskovalci lahko vidijo kar nekaj  drevesnih vrednot, katerih posebnost je izjemen obseg debla, ki pri nekaterih meri tudi  več kot 4 metre.

Zois Park - botanical garden with natural values

The Botanical Garden at the Dom Pristava Hut is named after Karel Zois, the finder of the Zois Bellflower, a Slovenian endemic. From it is also the name of Zois's violet, which he found in the Karavanke Mountains around 1785. Various tree species are marked in the park, such as spruce, wild cherry, mountain maple, rowan, black poplar, fir and many others. Visitors can see several trees of great value, which are characterised by their remarkable trunk circumference, some of them measuring more than 4 metres.

Foto/Photo: Miro Podgoršek

Foto/Photo: Aleš Košir

Foto/Photo: Jože Mihelič

Lepa gorska narcisa

Gorska narcisa je ena najbolj priljubljenih cvetlic na Slovenskem, o čemer pričajo tudi številna ljudska imena zanjo. Narcisa ima v Sloveniji in bližnji okolici okoli 120 različnih imen, kar preseneča še zlasti zato, ker cvetlica ni ne zdravilna ne užitna in ne koristna, ampak zgolj neznansko lepa. Preprostemu človeku torej uporaba ni bila vedno prioriteta zanimanja za rastlinski svet, vendar tudi občutek za lepoto. Po Sloveniji ji pravijo bedenica, binkoštnica, jurjevka, medenica, škrtovinjek, na Jesenicah in v okolici pa ključavnica.

The beautiful mountain daffodil

The Poet's daffodilis one of the most popular flowers in Slovenia, as evidenced by the many folk names it carries. The daffodil has around 120 different names in Slovenia and the surrounding area, which is surprising, especially as the flower is neither medicinal nor edible nor useful, but simply beautiful beyond belief. For the common man, therefore, the use of it has not always been a priority of interest in the plant world, but also of a sense of beauty. In Slovenia it is called bedenica, binkoštnica, jurjevka, medenica, škrtovinjek, and locks in Jesenice and the surrounding area.

Foto/Photo: Miro Podgoršek

Foto/Photo: Miro Podgoršek

Foto/Photo: Miro Podgoršek

Odlična izhodiščna točka za pohodnike

Pristava je lep kraj za oddih v naravi. Nahaja se ob vznožju Karavank, v prijetnem ambientu naravnega okolja, ki je od Jesenic oddaljen le 5 kilometrov, vendar dovolj, da ni čutiti mestnega vrveža. Je odlična izhodiščna točka za pohodniške izlete na okoliške hribe, tudi na najvišji vrh Karavank - Stol. Mimo vodita daljinska pohodniška pot Karavanke Trail in turnokolesarska pot Trans Karavanke. Naravne in zgodovinske značilnosti Javorniškega Rovta lahko spoznavamo tudi na Naravoslovni in rudarski učni poti, ki jo ohranja in ureja osebje Centra šolskih in obšolskih dejavnosti Trilobit. Učna pot je dolga 8 kilometrov z višinsko razliko 600 metrov. Na njej je 15 opazovalnih točk, na katerih so postavljene informativne table in smerokazi.

A great starting point for hikers

Pristava is a beautiful place to relax in nature. It is located at the foot of the Karavanke Mountains, in a pleasant natural environment, only 5 kilometres from Jesenice, but far enough away to avoid the hustle and bustle of the city. It is an excellent starting point for hiking trips to the surrounding mountains, including the highest peak of the Karavanke – Mt. Stol. The hiking Karavanke Trail and the cycling Trans Karavanke trails pass by. The natural and historical features of Javorniški Rovt can also be explored on the Nature and Mining Educational Trail, which is maintained and managed by the staff of the Trilobit Centre for School and Extracurricular Activities (CŠOD Trilobit). The trail is 8 kilometres long and has an altitude difference of 600 metres. There are 15 observation points with information boards and signposts.

Foto/Photo: Aleš Košir

Foto/Photo: Jošt Gantar

Foto/Photo: Jošt Gantar

Življenjski prostor mnogih rastlinskih in živalskih vrst

Ko narcise odcvetijo, lahko na Mali Golici in drugje opazujemo mnogo različnih vrst cvetlic. Močno izstopajo roza cvetovi rožnatega gadnjaka ter velikega zalega kobulčka, opazimo pravi ranjak, pogačico, srčno moč, razne svišče in še mnogo drugih. Za številne metulje in druge žuželke je lahko pomemben vsak cvet, zato rož ne trgajmo, ampak jih občudujmo tam, kjer rastejo.

Ovršje Golice je življenjski prostor belke, ptice iz družine poljskih kur. Ker se pozimi odene v povsem belo perje, jo ponekod imenujejo tudi snežni jereb. Samica junija sredi trave vali in vzreja mladiče, zato ostanimo na poteh in ne hodimo preko travnikov. Belka nam bo hvaležna.

Habitat for many plant and animal species

When the daffodils wither away, there are many different types of flowers to be seen at Mt. Mala Golica and elsewhere. The pink flowers of pink scorzonera and the great masterwort stand out strongly, as do the common kidney vetch, globeflower, tormentil, various gentians and many others. For many butterflies and other insects, every flower can be important, so let's not pick flowers, but admire them where they grow.

The Mt. Golica area is the habitat of the rock ptarmigan, a bird belonging to the field hen family. Because it dons its pure white feathers in winter, it is sometimes called the snow grouse. The female hatches and rears her young in the grass in June, so stay on the paths and do not walk across the meadows. The ptarmigan will thank us.

Rožnati gadnjak / Pink scorzonera; Foto/Photo: Metod Rogelj

Belka / Rock ptarmigan, Foto/Photo: Tone Mihelič

Encijan / Gentian, Foto/Photo: Miro Podgoršek

Julius Kugy – občudovalec Golice

Golica je kot cilj izletnikov znana že dolgo. Oče slovenskega alpinizma, Julius Kugy, v svojem delu Iz življenja gornika, izdanem leta 1925, svoje obiske opisuje takole: "V poslednjih letih mi je prešlo v navado, da sem jo obiskoval na telovo ... Kljub lepemu, toplemu vremenu zgodnjega poletja je bilo videti, da je zgoraj zapadel svež sneg, kajti zelena pobočja so bila kot s sladkorjem posuta ... Množice belih narcis so pokrivale vse gorske travnike, narcise tako lepe in v tolikšnih množinah, da še nikoli in nikjer nisem videl kake cvetice prevladovati tako obilno. Narcise brez kraja, narcise vsepovsod ... Vzpenjal sem se na pravo pravcato narcisno goro. Jaz pa sem prihajal skozi bele narcisne vrtove na vrh Golice od telovega do telovega, iz leta v leto, kot na božjo pot k cvetnemu oltarju. Prepoln pobožnih spominov sem z njega poslušal in zrl v deželo svojih očetov."

Julius Kugy - admirer of Golica

Golica has long been known as a destination for day-trippers. The father of Slovenian mountaineering, Julius Kugy, in his work From the Life of a Mountaineer, published in 1925, describes his visits as follows: “In recent years, I have made it a habit to visit on the Feast of Corpus Christi ... Despite the nice, warm weather of early summer, it seemed as fresh snow had fallen, as the green slopes looked as if covered by sugar ... Multitudes of white daffodils covered all the mountain meadows, daffodils so beautiful and so abundant that I have never, nowhere, seen a flower be as predominant to such an extent. Daffodils as far as the eye could see, daffodils everywhere ... I was climbing a true-to-life daffodil mountain. I walked through the white daffodil gardens to the top of Golica every Feast of Corpus Christi, year after year, as if on a pilgrimage to the altar of flowers. Filled with pious memories, I listened and gazed on the land of my fathers.”

Obilje narcis na pobočjih Golice na stari razglednici, vir: arhiv Dušana Prešerna An abundance of daffodils on Golica's slopes captured on an old postcard, source: archive of Dušan Prešeren

Na Golici luštno je

Golica je ena najbolj opaznih in zelenih gora v Karavankah. Na Golico se lahko odpravite z več izhodišč, najbolj znana so Planina pod Golico, Javorniški Rovt ter Križovec. Planinske poti so dobro označene. Na poti vas očarajo čudoviti razgledi proti Karavankam, Julijskim Alpam ter avstrijski Koroški. Za dobro hrano in pijačo poskrbijo v Koči na Golici ter v Domu Pristava. Golica, znana kot "kraljica narcis", je navdihnila tudi Slavka Avsenika za njegovo znamenito polko Na Golici.

It's lovely on Golica

Golica is one of the most visible and green mountains in the Karavanke Mountains. You can reach Golica from several starting points, the most famous being Planina pod Golico, Javorniški Rovt and Križovec. The mountain trails are well signposted. Along the way, you will be enchanted by the magnificent views of the Karavanke Mountains, the Julian Alps and Austrian Carinthia. Good food and drinks are available in the Koča na Golici hut and Dom Pristava hut. Golica, known as the “Queen of Daffodils”, also inspired Slavko Avsenika for his famous polka “Na Golici”.

Foto/Photo: Jošt Gantar

Foto/Photo: Miro Podgoršek

Kje najdemo gorsko narciso?

Rastišče gorske narcise na slovenski strani Karavank sega od potoka Presušnik do potoka Javornik (Javorniški Rovt), kar pomeni približno 8 kilometrov zračne razdalje, medtem ko jih na avstrijski strani skorajda ni. A ni razširjena le na tem območju, temveč tudi v Julijcih, Pomurju, Zasavju, na Snežniku, Krasu ter na Kočevskem. Brez dvoma pa so na območju Karavank najbolj množične.

Where can we find the mountain daffodil?

The habitat of the Mountain Daffodil on the Slovenian side of the Karavanke Mountains extends from the Presušnik stream to the Javornik stream (Javorniški Rovt), a bird fly distance of about 8 kilometres, while on the Austrian side it is almost non-existent. However, it is not only widespread in this area, but also in the Julian Alps, Pomurje, Zasavje, Snežnik, Karst and Kočevje. Though, without doubt, they are most numerous in the Karavanke region.

Zemljevid rastišč gorske narcise, vir: Prirejeno po Jogan idr. (2001)
Mountain daffodil habitat map, source: adapted from Jogan and others (2001)

Košnja na Golici

Za pridobivanje krme so kmetje iz vasi pod Golico ročno pokosili domala vsa pobočja Golice. Po teh strmih goličavah je gora tudi dobila svoje ime. Pri košnji so si pomagali s krampeži, nekakšnimi derezami. Tak način obdelave je trajal do 2. svetovne vojne, po njej pa se je počasi opuščal. Zadnjič so na Golici kosili leta 1957. Zaradi prenehanja košnje je število narcis na goliških pobočjih pričelo upadati. Upad je dodatno pospešila relativno zgodnja paša ovc na Golici. V zadnjih letih se z uvajanjem postopne paše ovc na Golici od zahoda proti vzhodu narcise ponovno vračajo. Na vzhodnem delu Golice, na travniku pod Malo Golico, ki je bil med letoma 2002 in 2012 ponovno košen, se narcise lepo širijo in belino narcis je ob višku cvetenja moč videti tudi iz vasi.

Mowing on Golica

To obtain fodder, farmers from the village below Golica scythed almost all the slopes of Golica by hand. The mountain takes its name from these steep (naked) hills. They cut the grass wearing krampež, a kind of crampons. This method of cultivation lasted until World War II, after which it was slowly phased out. The last mowing on Golica took place in 1957. The number of daffodils on the slopes of Golica began to decline as a result of the cessation of mowing. The decline was further accelerated by the relatively early grazing of sheep on Golica. In recent years, the daffodils have been making a comeback with the introduction of progressive sheep grazing on the Golica from west to east. In the eastern part of Golica, in the meadow below Mala Golica, which was mown again between 2002 and 2012, the daffodils are spreading nicely and the whiteness of the daffodils can be seen from the village at the peak of flowering.

Kosci po končanem delu na vrhu Male Golice, vir: arhiv družine Klinar, Šimnovčevih
Mowers after finishing work on the top of Mala Golica, source: archive of the Klinar family, Šimnov family

Od »bele preproge« do barvitih razgledov

Ko se maja sneg umakne v senčnate kotanje, Golico prekrije nepregledna množica narcis, ki vabi številne planince. A ta karavanška gora je zanimiva tudi, ko beli cvetovi ovenijo. Takrat se po pobočjih razlijejo kapljice modre, rumene in rdeče barve, hkrati pa je na vrhu več miru za počitek in opazovanje okolice.

From a "white carpet" to colorful views

In May, when the snow retreats into shady hollows, Golica is covered in an endless mass of daffodils, attracting numerous mountaineers. But this Karavanke mountain is also interesting when the white flowers wither. Then drops of blue, yellow and red spill over the slopes, and at the same time there is more peace at the top for resting and observing the surroundings.

Foto/Photo: Miro Podgoršek

Foto/Photo: Aleksandra Orel

Foto/Photo: Aleš Krivec

Metulji v Karavankah

Popisi na območju rovtov nad Jesenicami in grebena Golice so pokazali veliko pestrost živalstva in rastlinstva, tudi ko narcise odcvetijo. Samo dnevnih metuljev je bilo zabeleženih kar 76 vrst. Najdemo slezovčke, debeloglavčke, cekinčke, lastovičarje (predstavnika vidimo na fotografiji) ter druge. Največ vrst se nahaja na območju Plavškega Rovta, in sicer kar 39 vrst!

Butterflies in the Karavanke Mountains

Censuses in the slopes above Jesenice and the Golica ridge have shown a great diversity of fauna and flora, even after the daffodils have withered away. As many as 76 species of butterflies were recorded. There are grizzled skipper, Essex skipper, large copper, swallowtails (a representative can be seen in the photo) and others. Most of the species can be found in the area of Plavški Rovt, with 39 species!

	Lastovičar, foto: Tjaša Tičar Swallowtail butterfly, photo: Tjaša Tičar

Črtasti medvedek, foto: Martin Vernik Jersey Tiger, photo: Martin Vernik

Znanstveno spremljanje števila narcis

Na območju vasi pod Golico v času cvetenja poteka vsakoletno spremljanje števila narcis na 10 točkah. Na najbogatejših rastiščih lahko naštejemo tudi več kot 150 cvetov na kvadratni meter. Trenutni rezultati kažejo, da so letna nihanja odvisna predvsem od vremenskih razmer, dolgoročnejši trend rasti ali upadanja števila narcis pa je odvisen od kmetijske obdelave. Če je ta ustrezna, se število narcis ohranja ali celo narašča. Če je kmetijska dejavnost neustrezna (prezgodnja košnja, spomladanska paša) oziroma se kmetijska obdelava opusti, število upade ali v skrajnem primeru narcise popolnoma izginejo.

Scientific monitoring of daffodil numbers

Daffodil numbers are monitored annually at 10 points in the area of the village below Golica during the flowering season. On the richest sites, more than 150 flowers per square metre can be counted. The current results show that annual fluctuations are mainly weather-dependent, while the longer-term trend of increasing or decreasing numbers of daffodils depends on agricultural cultivation. If this is adequate, daffodil numbers are maintained or even increased. If agricultural activity is inadequate (premature mowing, spring grazing) or if agricultural cultivation is abandoned, the number of daffodils declines or, in extreme cases, disappears altogether.

Ostra meja med bogatim rastiščem narcis z ustrezno kmetijsko obdelavo in travnikom, kjer se izvaja spomladanska paša, foto: Klemen Klinar
The sharp boundary between a rich daffodil habitat with proper agricultural cultivation and a meadow where spring grazing takes place, photo: Klemen Klinar

Idilična hribovska vasica

Plavški Rovt je majhna vasica na nadmorski višini 850 metrov, ki se nahaja le 3 kilometre nad Jesenicami. Maja v Plavškem Rovtu cveti na tisoče omamno dišečih narcis ali ključavnic, kot jim pravijo domačini. Narcise zaradi različne nadmorske višine zacvetijo postopoma. Najprej zacvetijo prav tukaj, v Plavškem Rovtu, malce kasneje pa v Planini pod Golico in nazadnje na sami Golici. Mimo Plavškega Rovta proti Dovju in Mojstrani poteka tudi 6. etapa daljinske pohodniške poti Karavanke Trail, v nasprotni smeri pa 2. etapa Juliana Trail. Prav tako lahko vasico občudujete na kolesu, saj mimo vodi 3. etapa turnokolesarske poti Trans Karavanke.

Idyllic mountain village

Plavški Rovt is a small village at an altitude of 850 metres, located just 3 kilometres above Jesenice. In May, thousands of stunningly scented daffodils, or locks as the locals call them, bloom in Plavški Rovt. The daffodils bloom gradually due to the different altitudes. They first bloom right here in Plavški Rovt, then a little later in Planina pod Golico and finally on Golica itself. Stage 6 of the Karavanke Trail also passes by Plavški Rott towards Dovje and Mojstrana, while Stage 2 of the Juliana Trail runs in the opposite direction. You can also admire the village on a bicycle, as the 3rd stage of the Trans Karavanke Touring Bike Trail passes by.

Foto/Photo: Darko Benko

Foto/Photo: Aleš Krivec

Foto/Photo: Jošt Gantar

Zoisova vijolica

Zoisova vijolica (Viola zoysii) je  ime dobila po svojem najditelju, Karlu Zoisu. Ko jo je našel, je še živo, skupaj z zemljo, poslal v Celovec, kjer jo je naravoslovec Wulfen strokovno opisal in poimenoval. Že na daleč prepoznamo njene izrazito rumene venčne liste. V Sloveniji jo najdemo le v Karavankah, in sicer na Golici, Dovški Babi, Stolu, Zelenici in še kje. Je zavarovana rastlinska vrsta in uvrščena na rdeči seznam.

Zois's violet

Zois's violet (Viola zoysii) is named after its finder, Karl Zois. When he found it, he sent it, still alive and with its soil, to Klagenfurt, where it was professionally described and named by the naturalist Wulfen. From a distance, you can already recognise its distinctive yellow petals. In Slovenia, it is found only in the Karavanke Mountains, on Golica, Dovška Baba, Stol, Zelenica and elsewhere. It is a protected plant species and is on the Red List.

Zoisova vijolica, foto: Metod Rogelj
Zois's violet, photo: Metod Rogelj

Legenda o narcisi

Narcisi v vaseh pod Golico in še marsikje po Sloveniji rečejo ključavnica. Nastanek imena pojasnjuje zanimiva zgodba: "Nekoč je Bog posvaril čebele, naj nikar ne delajo in nabirajo medu ob nedeljah in praznikih. Čebele ga niso ubogale in zato jim je med v rožah »zaključil«. Dočim je namreč sladki sok poprej neovirano prihajal v cvet, je Bog takrat rastlinam pod cvetom v steblu ustvaril bunčico (vozel) in z njo soku zaprl dohod v cvet, da ga čebele ne morejo več prosto srkati."

The legend of the daffodil

Daffodils in the villages below Golica and many other places in Slovenia are called locks. The origin of the name is explained by an interesting story: 'Once upon a time, God warned the bees not to work or collect honey on Sundays and holidays. The bees did not obey Him and so He 'locked' the honey in their flowers. Since the sweet sap had previously been flowing freely into the flower, God then created a cell (knot) in the stem of the plant under the flower, closing off the sap from entering the flower so that the bees could no longer sip it freely."

Pravokotno steblo narcise s semensko bunčico, foto: Metod Rogelj
Rectangular daffodil stem with seed cell, photo: Metod Rogelj

Sprehod skozi Plavški Rovt

Najlepši in najbolj dišeč majski sprehod lahko opravite v vasi Plavški Rovt. Parkirate lahko pri kapelici v vasi, kjer si ogledate zemljevid. Vas nudi prelep razgled na Rožco, Golico, Planino pod Golico in Prihode. Jesenice v dolini so pod nami kot na dlani.

A walk through Plavški Rovt

The most beautiful and fragrant May walk can be found in Plavški Rovt. You can park at the village chapel, where you can see a map on display. The village offers beautiful views of Rožca, Golica, Planina pod Golico and Prihode. Jesenice in the valley is below us seem within an arms reach.

	Foto/Photo: Aleš Košir
	Foto/Photo:  Miran Dolar

Opraševalci

Gorske narcise so posebne tudi zato, ker jih ne oprašujejo čebele. Zaradi oblike cvetov jo lahko oprašujejo le žuželke z daljšimi rilčki. To so po vsej verjetnosti predstavniki metuljev, in sicer razni nočni metulji, belini, pisančki in drugi. Ti opraševalci lahko nektar dosežejo znotraj cveta, ki služi kot "nagrada", ko sproti prenesejo pelod z enega cveta na drugega. Imajo pa čebele na narcisnih travnikih na voljo tudi polno drugih cvetov, saj so ti po cvetenju narcis izjemno pestri.

Pollinators

Mountain daffodils are also special because they are not pollinated by bees. Because of the shape of the flowers, only insects with longer snouts can pollinate them. These are most likely butterflies, namely various moths, cabbage butterflies, heath fritillaries and others. These pollinators can reach the nectar within the flower, which serves as a “reward” as they transfer pollen from one flower to another. But bees in daffodil meadows also have plenty of other flowers to choose from, as these are extremely varied after the daffodils have withered.

Foto/photo: Tjaša Trček

Program Ohranimo narcise

Obseg rastišč narcis na Golici in pod je vedno manjši, zato od leta 2017 poteka program Ohranimo narcise. Program lastnike zemljišč, kjer rastejo narcise, spodbuja h kmetijski obdelavi, ki je najustreznejša za te rastline. To pomeni, da se košnja izvaja po dozoritvi semen, spomladi se paša ne izvaja, zemljišča pa niso prekomerno gnojena. Leta 2024 je bilo v program vključenih 36 kmetov s 40 ha zemljišč med Hrušico in Javorniškim Rovtom. Tudi na Španovem vrhu je v ta program vključen večji del kmetijsko obdelanih travnikov, ki so lahko pokošeni šele po 15. juliju.

Preserving Daffodils Programme

The daffodil stands on and below Golica are getting smaller and smaller, which is why the Preserving Daffodils programme has been running since 2017. The programme encourages landowners with daffodils to farm the land in the best way for the plants. This means mowing after the seeds have matured, no grazing in spring and no over-fertilisation of the land. In 2024, 36 farmers with 40 ha of land between Hrušica and Javorniški Rovt were included in the programme. Also on top of Španov vrh, a large part of the farmed grassland is included in the programme, which can only be mown after 15 July.

	Kmetovanje na strmih travnikih zahteva veliko ročnega dela, vir: arhiv družine Klinar, Šimnovčevih Farming on steep meadows requires a lot of manual work, source: archive of the Klinar family, Šimnov family
	Ročna košnja na najbolj strmih travnikih, vir: arhiv družine Klinar, Šimnovčevih Hand mowing on the steepest meadows, source: Klinar family, Šimnov family archive

Orhideje

Travniki na jeseniških rovtih niso poseljeni le z narcisami, temveč tudi s številnimi lepimi cvetlicami, ki prispevajo k biotski pestrosti območja. Tu najdemo tudi kar nekaj vrst kukavičevk, na primer bezgovo prstasto kukavico, pegasto prstasto kukavico, navadno kukavico in druge. Tako kot narcise se kukavičevke ali orhideje pojavljajo na bolj pustih tleh oziroma tam, kjer tla niso pregnojena. Orhideje živijo v sožitju z glivami, ki jim omogočajo črpanje hranil iz okolja. Vse vrste kukavičevk so v Sloveniji zavarovane.

Orchids

The meadows of the Jesenice slopes are not only populated with daffodils, but also with many beautiful flowers that contribute to the biodiversity of the area. There are also several species of orchids, such as the elder-flowered orchid, common spotted orchid, the green-winged orchid and others. Like daffodils, orchids occur on more barren soils or where the soil is not fertilised. Orchids live in harmony with fungi that allow them to extract nutrients from the environment. All species of orchids are protected in Slovenia.

Bezgova prstasta kukavica v rumeni barvi, foto: Tjaša Trček Elder-flowered orchid in yellow, photo: Tjaša Trček

Lepi Čeveljc, foto: Metod Rogelj Lady's Sliper orchid, photo: Metod Rogelj

Bezgova prstasta kukavica v vijoličasti barvi, foto: Tjaša Trček Elder-flowered orchid in purple, photo: Tjaša Trček

Zahtevno kmečko delo

Poleg naravnih pogojev, ki morajo ustrezati narcisam, je ključnega pomena predvsem ustrezna kmetijska obdelava travnikov, kjer narcise uspevajo. Ker se kmetijska dejavnost v teh hribovskih krajih deloma opušča, po drugi strani pa spreminja in prilagaja sodobnim trendom ter tehnikam, so mnoga rastišča narcis podvržena pritiskom teh sprememb. Pri tem govorimo o:

- zaraščanju kmetijskih površin zaradi opuščanja rabe strmejših in odročnejših travnikov;

- spremembi kmetijske rabe v ekstenzivno smer, ki neugodno vpliva na rast narcis (najbolj očiten in pogost primer je opustitev košnje travnikov, ki se jih nato uporablja izključno za pašo);

- spremembi rabe v intenzivno smer, ki neugodno vpliva na rast narcis (najpogostejše spremembe so: zgodnja spomladanska paša, zgodnja košnja, siliranje in baliranje namesto sušenja na tleh ali v kozolcu).

Challenging farm work

In addition to the natural conditions that daffodils need to thrive in, the key is proper agricultural management of the meadows where daffodils thrive. As farming in these hill regions is being partly abandoned and partly changed and adapted to modern trends and techniques, many daffodil sites are under pressure from these changes. Meaning:

- overgrowing of farmland due to the abandonment of steeper and more remote grasslands;

- a change in agricultural use towards extensive farming, which adversely affects the growth of daffodils (the most obvious and frequent example is the abandonment of mowing meadows, which are then used exclusively for grazing);

- a change of use towards intensive cultivation, which adversely affects the growth of daffodils (the most common changes are: early spring grazing, early mowing, ensiling and baling instead of drying on the ground or on a hayrack).

Sušenje krme v kozolcu je vedno redkejše, vir: arhiv družine Klinar, Šimnovčevih

Drying fodder in the barn is becoming increasingly rare, source: archive of the Klinar family, the Šimnov family

Španov vrh

Dostop do Španovega vrha (1361 m) ni možen le peš, temveč tudi z istoimensko enosedežnico, ki velja za eno prvih in najdaljših žičnic v bivši Jugoslaviji, zgrajena pa je bila leta 1964. Na lokaciji se je razvil tudi zimski turizem. Smučišče je bilo v 70. in 80. letih prejšnjega stoletja zelo priljubljeno.

Po zatonu je bila žičnica s pomočjo Občine Jesenice leta 2005 ponovno zagnana. Če so vremenske razmere v zimskem času ugodne, žičnica do vrha popelje smuke željne obiskovalce, v maju, ko cvetijo narcise, pa vabi na panoramsko vožnjo.

Španov vrh

Španov vrh (1361 m) is accessible not only on foot, but also by the single-seat cable car of the same name, which is considered one of the first and longest cable cars in the former Yugoslavia, built in 1964. Winter tourism has also developed on the site. The ski resort was very popular in the 1970s and 1980s. After its decline, the cableway was restarted in 2005 with the help of the Municipality of Jesenice. If the weather conditions are favourable in winter, the cable car takes visitors eager to ski to the top, and in May, when the daffodils are in bloom, it invites them for a panoramic ride.

Foto/Photo: Jošt Gantar

Foto/Photo: Aleš Košir

Odnos do narcis nekoč in danes

V času cvetenja narcis kraje pod Golico obišče mnogo občudovalcev. Vse vrste narcis so v Sloveniji zavarovane, zato je prepovedano zavestno uničevanje, trganje, ruvanje in splošno uničevanje. A ni bilo vedno tako. Po pripovedovanju so jih otroci pred 2. svetovno vojno nabirali in prodajali v Ljubljani. Železničarji, ki so imeli brezplačne vožnje, so jih natrgali še v popku, jih shranili v svoje službene torbe, šli zvečer na vlak in jih naslednje jutro prodajali celo v Beogradu. Domačini se še spominjajo časov, ko so jih z vlaki vozili v Ljubljano, kjer naj bi jih uporabili pri izdelavi parfumov. Danes se to sicer ne dogaja več, a kljub temu ni zaman opozorilo, da so narcise najlepše tam, kjer rastejo. Naj namesto šopka, ki hitro ovene, za spomin nanje ostane le fotografija.

Sentiment towards daffodils then and now

During the daffodil flowering season, many admirers visit the villages below Golica. All daffodil species are protected in Slovenia, so deliberate destruction, tearing, pulling and general destruction are prohibited. But it was not always so. According to stories, before the Second World War, children used to pick and sell them in Ljubljana. Railway workers, who had free rides, would pluck them while they were still in their navels, store them in their company bags, go on the train in the evening and sell them the next morning, even in Belgrade. Locals still remember the times when daffodils were transported by train to Ljubljana, where they were supposedly used in the production of perfumes. This is no longer the case, but let’s not forget that daffodils are most beautiful where they grow. Instead of a bouquet that wilts quickly, let there be only a photograph to remember them by.

Šolski izlet na Golico v 60. letih 20. stoletja. Vir: arhiv Nade Praprotnik A school trip to Golica in the 1960s, source: Nada Praprotnik archive

Dom Pristava v Javorniškem Rovtu

V Javorniškem Rovtu nad Jesenicami se nahaja Zoisov park s Pristavo, poln edinstvenih rastlinskih vrst, ki skupaj s tremi jezerci tvorijo čudovito naravno idilo. Nekdaj je bila Pristava namenjena nadzornikom rudarske proizvodnje in transporta železove rude, ki so jo kopali na bližnjih pobočjih, danes pa je idealna za ljubitelje narave in zgodovine. V bližini se nahajajo čudoviti Javorniški slapovi, nasproti katerih je tudi znano nahajališče fosilov, 300 milijonov let stare karbonske kamnine, ki privlačijo ljubiteljske zbiratelje in znanstvenike. Sicer pa okolica Doma Pristava ponuja sproščujoče sprehode po bližnjih travnikih ali prijetno poletno ohladitev v senci mogočnih dreves. Za najmlajše so na voljo otroška igrala, v Domu pa ponujajo odlično domačo hrano, ki zadovolji tudi zahtevne goste.

Dom Pristava hut in Javorniški Rovt

Dom Pristava Hut and Zois' Park, located above Jesenice in Javorniški Rovt, is home to a variety of unique plant and tree species that, together with three lakes, form a beautiful natural idyll. Once used by the supervisors of mining production and the transport of iron ore mined on the nearby slopes, Pristava is today an ideal place for nature lovers and history. Nearby are the beautiful Javorník waterfalls, opposite which on can find a famous fossil site, a 300-million year-old Carboniferous rock that attracts amateur collectors and scientists. The surroundings of the Dom Pristava Hut offer relaxing walks in the nearby meadows or a pleasant summer cool-down in the shade of the mighty trees. There are playgrounds for children, and the Hut offers excellent home-cooked food to satisfy even the most demanding guests.

Foto/Photo: Aleš Košir

Foto/Photo: Jošt Gantar

Foto/Photo: Miro Podgoršek

 

SPOŠTUJMO NARAVO / LET'S RESPECT NATURE

Gorska narcisa (Narcissus poeticus subs. Radiiflorus) je zavarovana rastlina z izrazitim videzom, uvrščena na Rdeči seznam praprotnic in semenk. Za razvoj od semena do cveta potrebuje več let, cveti od aprila do maja. Poet's daffodil (Narcissus poeticus sub s Radiiflorus) is a protected plant with a distinctive appearance, included in the Red List of ferns and seed plants. It takes several years to develop from seed to flower and flowers from April to May.

Prepovedano je namerno uničevanje, poškodovanje ali trganje narcis – držimo se ustaljenih poti, ne hodimo po njih in jih ne teptamo. Deliberately destroying, damaging or tearing daffodils is forbidden - stick to established paths, don't walk on them and don't trample them.